Table 1 shows the key clinical and genetic characteristics of the children carrying the obesity-related gene variations. We described six novel mutations in five candidate genes in seven out of the 105 patients, and previously described mutations in MC4R detected in four patients. The novel variations detected were two in SIM1, one in POMC, one in PCSK, one in LEPR and two in MC4R (Table 1). Family members of these affected children were also genetically screened for the same pathogenic variants. Family pedigrees of the children carrying the novel variations are shown in Figure 1. This evidence concerns the gene SIM1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.