KEAP1 and lung carcinoma: As a test case for whether tumor genetics can influence the metabolism of TIF, we focused on the tumor suppressor Keap1. Keap1 loss is a common occurrence in lung cancer that alters expression of oxidative stress response genes and nutrient transporters, which causes cells to secrete high levels of glutamate and renders tumors highly dependent on glutamine catabolism for growth (Romero et al., 2017; Sayin et al., 2017).