VCL and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Compared with adjacent normal tissues, the protein expression of PTMA, PAK2, PPP1CA, HMGB2 were up-regulated (Fig. 5a, b), and the protein expression of Caveolin, Integrin beta-1, Collagen alpha-2(VI), Leiomodin-1, Vinculin were down-regulated in ESCC tissues from four pairs of samples (Fig. 5c, d).