In line with the defect of TNF-induced pS25 RIPK1 observed in IKKs or TAK1 inhibited conditions (Figs. 1f–g, 3a), we found that mimicking pS25 RIPK1 protected BMDMs from YopJ/P-dependent apoptosis following Y. enterocolitica (expressing YopP) and Y. pseudotuberculosis (expressing YopJ) infection (Fig. 3g–h). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.