TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) has been identified as a downstream effector of miR-200c, which inhibits EMT by directly targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2, and our previous findings revealed that TBK1 signaling regulates radiation-induced EMT by controlling GSK3β phosphorylation and ZEB1 expression in lung cancer cells14,20,21. This evidence concerns the gene ZEB1 and lung carcinoma.