Stimulation of GCB-DLBCL cells with human HMGB1 led to TLR9 redistribution and colocalization with phosphorylated Syk and ERK(1/2), as detected by fluorescent microscopy (Fig. 1b), suggesting that HMGB1 activates the TLR9 pathway in DLBCL cells. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.