AKT1 and cancer: Previous studies have shown that multiple factors are implicated in the development of radioresistance, including deregulated signalling pathways (e.g. PI3K/AKT, NF-ƙB), oncogenic miRNA overproduction, enhanced DNA damage responses, the presence of cancer stem cells, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and alterations in cancer metabolism, along with the effect of the tumour microenvironment itself (including hypoxia) [5].