Furthermore, the combination of CD40 mAb with chemotherapy was shown to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy by priming the T cell response; treatment of tumor-bearing mice with this combination therapy resulted in reduced tumor progression and prolonged survival [63].CD40 mAb/chemotherapy was found to transform the TME of pancreatic cancer, resulting in reduced level of Tregs and increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells to the tumor site; this could further enhance the induction of a T cell response, and consequently augment the antitumor effects of anti-PD-1 in PDAC [63]. This evidence concerns the gene CD40 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.