CTLA4 and melanoma: Particularly, strategies targeting immune checkpoint molecules through inhibition of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) have demonstrated clinical benefit in several malignancies, such as melanoma [8, 9], Hodgkin’s lymphoma [10], and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [11].