DSS-colitis model mice produced high levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and B. adolescentis IF1-03 mice produced lower IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-10, compared to the DSS-colitis model and B. adolescentis IF1-11 protection mice (Figure 3F–I). Here, TNF is linked to colitis.