Other compounds with documented neuroprotective effects in models of DR include zerumbone, whose anti-apoptotic effects correlate with improvement of retinal histological alterations and reduction of retinal thickness in diabetic rats [90], and Aralia elata, which protects mouse retinas from diabetes-induced decreases in retinal thickness, increases in TUNEL labeled ganglion cells, and increases in active caspase-3 [94]. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and diabetes mellitus.