HGF and cancer: In humans, some cytokines are considered useful diagnostic biomarkers for NHL, since they are significantly increased in the serum of cancer-affected patients compared to controls: including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-12p40 (the p40 subunit of IL-12), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α/β (MIP-1α/β), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) [12,34,35].