KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer: Although the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) and the recent analyses from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial show evidence that prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening significantly reduces prostate cancer (PCa)-specific mortality, screening for PCa remains a controversial issue [1,2,3,4,5].