CD86 and Sepsis: Low CD86 expression on monocytes has been associated with more severe sepsis, as demonstrated by an increased Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score,51 and increased mortality in mouse models of sepsis.52 Monocytes from children with high plasma endotoxin in our study exhibited lower expression of CD64 and CD86 following stimulation with zymosan compared with monocytes from children with lower levels of circulating endotoxin, indicating that exposure to circulating LPS alters monocyte responses to subsequent pathogen challenge.