DES and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: Abnormal protein aggregates have been reported in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (Gianniet al., 2010;Subramanianet al., 2015) and cardiomyopathies caused by mutations in desmin (McLendon & Robbins, 2011;Sanbeet al., 2004), filamin (Brodehlet al., 2016;Reinsteinet al., 2016;Valdes-Maset al., 2014), α-B-crystallin (Vicartet al., 1998), or phospholamban (Te Rijdtet al., 2016).