CD4+CD8αα and CD4+CD8αβ T cell clones were then stimulated for 48 h with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and supernatants were harvested to measure levels of antitumor Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α), as well as of pro-tumor Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.