Myostatin-based signaling was found increased in muscles of Yoshida hepatoma-bearing rats (Costelli et al., 2008), in C26-bearing mice (Zhou et al., 2010), and in patients with various malignancies (for a review see Han et al., 2013), while in pre-cachectic cancer patients circulating levels of myostatin increased only with certain types of tumors (Aversa et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene MSTN and cancer.