TRAIP and breast carcinoma: Although so far we have no solid data to support this claim, previous studies with TRAIP do suggest this to be the case: homozygous TRAIP knockout mouse embryos die shortly after implantation because of proliferation defects (Park et al, 2007); mutations in human TRAIP lead to primordial dwarfism (Harley et al, 2016); overexpression of human TRAIP has been reported in basal cell carcinomas (Almeida et al, 2011) and breast cancer (Yang et al, 2006; Zhou & Geahlen, 2009); and reduced nuclear expression of TRAIP was associated with human lung adenocarcinoma (Soo Lee et al, 2016).