STAT1 and cholangiocarcinoma: In addition, Senggunprai et al. showed that EGCG suppresses the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activation via modulating the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 and inhibiting the expression level of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and ICAM-1 (intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1) in cholangiocarcinoma cells [58].