A phase I study of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced NSCLC has shown robust efficacy, including a median OS of 22.3 months in treatment-naive patients and a median OS of 34.9 months in patients whose PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) is ≥50%.5, 6 This superior efficacy was confirmed by a phase 2 and 3 study, where treatment with pembrolizumab prolonged OS by 2–4 months in PD-L1-positive (TPS ≥ 1%) NSCLC patients who progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy versus standard-of-care treatment.7 This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.