STING1 and disease arising from reactivation of latent virus: Taken together, we utilized PBMCs from cynomolgus macaques with naturally-controlled SIV infection as a model of latent infection, and demonstrated the following: the STING ligand can 1) induce the production of type I IFN and Th1 cytokines including IFN-γ, 2) decrease the number of SIV Gag DNA-positive cells, 3) increase the expression levels of SIV Gag cellular RNA, and 4) boost SIV Gag-specific CTL responses.