TNF and polycystic ovary syndrome: Among the DMGs selected for validation, the upstream CpG sites of five genes, namely aldo-keto reductase 1 family C3 (AKR1C3), calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR), resistin (RETN), and mastermind-like domain 1 (MAMLD1) were hypomethylated while those of transferrin (TF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were hypermethylated in PCOS in our methylome analysis.