For the downstream effectors of AKT/SGK, we found that p-FoxO1 expression was also higher in E545K/c-Met HCC from Sgk3−/− mice (Fig. 5b), whereas other effectors, such as the mTOR cascade, indicated by surrogate markers of activation such as p-S6 or p-4EBP1, as well as p-GSK3β, showed similar expression in HCCs from Sgk3−/− mice and Sgk3+/+ mice (Fig. 5b). Here, AKT1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.