Our previous study investigating the effect of resveratrol suggested that resveratrol can ameliorate renal cell apoptosis and oxidative stress via activation of the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC1α axis and its consequent effects on the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt (protein kinase B)-FoxO3a pathway, which induces mitochondrial biogenesis and enhances its capacity to alleviate oxidative stress in DKD [40]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and diabetic kidney disease.