The role of adipose tissue or adipocytes as an endocrine organ secreting various adipokines, in particular adiponectin, has come to the forefront in the fight against diabetes and metabolic syndrome because it has been demonstrated to exert pro-metabolic effects through the modulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis both directly, in an organ-specific manner, and indirectly, by systemic amelioration of insulin sensitivity [4]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is diabetes mellitus.