AR and prostate cancer: TRAMP mice has been extensively studied to understand the genetic and epigenetic alteration, elucidating the role of various genes and pathways relevant for human prostate cancer development and progression (Kaplan-Lefko et al., 2003; Shukla et al., 2007, 2013; Berman-Booty et al., 2012) We and others have elucidated some of the known pathways that include the PI3K-Akt, Androgen Receptor, NF-κB, FOXO3A, IGF-growth axis, Wnt signaling pathways perturbed in the prostate of TRAMP mice (Shukla et al., 2004, 2007, 2009, 2016; Liao et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2006).