Thus, the TLR8-IL-1/IL-18 axis contributes yet another difference to the immune sensing between mice and humans, and specifically to the immune sensing of Plasmodium parasites in murine and human hosts, which is highly relevant for the development of future models of malaria in mice, and for further elucidating the immunopathogenesis of malaria in humans. This evidence concerns the gene TLR8 and malaria.