TLR3 and viral infectious disease: The prolonged inflammatory response induced by TLR3 activation in microglia and astrocytes biologically serves to control or to enhance insidious viral infections such as Chikungunya (Priya et al., 2014) and HIV-1 (Bhargavan and Kanmogne, 2018) and non-viral infections such as Borrelia burgdorferi (Greenmyer et al., 2018).