Sex differences in the mechanisms of cell death have been described after brain injury secondary to stroke (Liu et al., 2011) and hypoxia-ischemia (Hagberg et al., 2004; Zhu et al., 2007; Northington et al., 2011; Chavez-Valdez et al., 2012) and here, we provide preliminary evidence that these differences may also occur in response to TLR3 activation in the neonatal brain. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is Stroke.