NFKB1 and atherosclerosis: Although NF-κB plays an essential, beneficial role in normal physiology, inappropriate regulation of NF-κB activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, asthma, multiple sclerosis (MS), and cancer (Barnes and Karin, 1997; Dai et al., 2009; Lawrence, 2009; Ben-Neriah and Karin, 2011).