As published studies have shown that enhanced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production play critical roles in antibacterial defenses (Joshi et al., 2002; Saleh et al., 2006; Yang F.M. et al., 2018), we next explored the functional relevance of evodiamine in enhancing the innate immunity in a mouse model of bacterial infection. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and bacterial infectious disease.