MAPK1 and Alzheimer disease: These effects could have a significant therapeutic potential, since increased levels of phosphorylated (active) ERK is associated with early tau deposition in neurons and glial cells in tauopathies (Ferrer et al., 2001), and GSK3β over-expression leads to apoptosis in vitro, neurodegeneration in transgenic mice and NFT formation in AD patients (Martin et al., 2011, 2013).