ALB and heart failure: A total of 13 candidate variables were considered as the input variables in the KLNN-RBM model, including five variables (age, sex, serum creatinine level, blood urea nitrogen level, and serum albumin level) as part of the MDRD study equation 729 and eight potential clinical factors (i.e., blood haemoglobin level, serum potassium level, serum phosphorus level, heart failure, vomiting, oedema grade 2+ and 3+, uraemia, encephalopathy, and diabetes mellitus).