Most studies have also found that 20–60% of subjects with phenotypic FH did not carry a causative mutation in LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 or LDLRAP1 genes, suggesting that phenotypic FH may also be induced by multiple small-effect common variants, mutations in unknown FH-associated genes, or environmental factors [21, 22]. Here, APOB is linked to familial hyperaldosteronism.