INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: (Zhang et al., 2016) revealed that FoxO1 plays an important role in regulating β‐cell compensation for insulin resistance to maintain euglycemia in obesity; FoxO1 acts in parallel with Pdx1 in nuclear of β‐cells and colocalize in human fetal islets, in contrast to the assertion that FoxO1 counteracts Pdx1 by promoting Pdx1 nuclear exclusion in β‐cells (Kawamori et al., 2006).