It is known that tubular epithelial cells are one of the major cell types for MIF production in the consequence of kidney injury.24, 29 In our study, we also found that MIF was highly expressed in injured cortical tubules as well as the MIF released to circulation by damaged tubular cells in response to IRI, this cause a marked increase of MIF levels in both plasma and urine. This evidence concerns the gene MIF and medical procedure.