In Sweden, among healthy men aged 70–80 years with high-risk non-metastatic Pca [defined as Pca with no evidence of metastasis (N0 or Nx, M0 or Mx) and at least one of the following three criteria: Gleason score 8–10, local clinical stage T3, or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 20–49 ng/ml], there has been a significant increase of use of curative treatment, up from 10% in 2001 to almost 50% in 2012 (27). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.