Given that intestinal inflammatory conditions are accompanied by shifts in commensal gut microbiota composition of mice and men termed dysbiosis (15, 19, 26, 28–30), we quantitatively surveyed the main gut bacterial groups during subacute ileitis development in PACAP and PLC treated mice applying culture-independent 16S rRNA based methods (Figures 5A-H). This evidence concerns the gene HSPG2 and Crohn ileitis.