In fact, our previous work revealed that synthetic PACAP application starting prior acute ileitis induction (i.e., prophylactic regimen) ameliorated intestinal as well as extra-intestinal sequelae of peroral high-dose T. gondii infection in a time-of-treatment dependent manner (17) that is characterized by a T cell-driven pro-inflammatory cytokine storm with fatal outcome within 1 week (14, 15). Here, ADCYAP1 is linked to Crohn ileitis.