To date, eight gain-of-function mutations in KCNQ1 have been identified that underlie persistent familial atrial fibrillation (AF) (Hancox et al., 2014; Hasegawa et al., 2014), and four have been reported to cause short QT syndrome type 2 (SQT2) (Bellocq et al., 2004; Hong et al., 2005; Moreno et al., 2015; Wu et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene KCNQ1 and atrial fibrillation.