CASP1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Notably, the ccf-DNA (ccf-DNA #1 and ccf-DNA #2) from two independent patients with type 2 diabetes resulted in a higher expression of cleaved caspase-1 and cleaved IL-1β in response to poly(dA:dT) stimulation compared with the vehicle control (control), although pro-IL-1β expression was unchanged (Figure 4A).