SERPINA3 in colon cancer tissue was significantly elevated and associated with patient’s pathological features, and knocking down the gene in colon cancer cell lines decreased migration and invasiveness of the cells which resulted in reducing the liver metastasis in xenograft model.32 The three genes CLIC1, MAPRE1 and SERPINA3 represented by the refined TGFβ signature significantly stratified overall survival in independent human cohort which was specific to TNBC (Fig. 2c, Table 2). Here, TGFB1 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.