To date, numerous reports have indicated that Aβ activates microglia and induces their release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, which are hallmarks of AD, PD, MS, and cerebral ischemia10–16. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.