The chemokines Cxcl2, Ccl3, and Cx3cr1 have also been previously shown to be induced during C. albicans interactions with other host cells, including neutrophils in vitro10, in a murine kidney model8, a murine vaginal model20, and in mouse models of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis and of vulvovaginal candidiasis in humans9, highlighting the role of these genes in host defense against C. albicans infection of different tissues (Supplementary Figure 4). Here, CCL3 is linked to vulvovaginal candidiasis.