But another recent study from our team revealed that Glycine N-methyltransferase attenuates AAN via decreasing NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) expression in female mouse hepatocytes, and this also implied: First, that male were less tolerant of AA toxicity than female, so acute kidney injury could warn male to stop AA-contained herbs intake [32], and continuous AA-contained herbs intake due to more tolerant of AA toxicity in female, may cause higher incidence of UTUC in Asia, especially in Taiwan [33]. Here, NQO1 is linked to acute kidney injury.