The potential role of CD4+ T cells in promoting pancreatic tumorigenesis has been reported by Alam et al. who showed that the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor induced a reduction in the percentage of CD4+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) producing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (RORγt), interferon γ (IFNγ), and interleukin (IL)-17, and was associated with improved survival in KPC tumor-bearing animals. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.