PRKN and Parkinson disease: However, in some cases, PD is associated with inherited mutations in PD-related genes, such as α-Synuclein (SNCA), parkin (PARKIN), PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 (PINK1), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (UCH-L1) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) [344].