Moreover, in middle‐aged non‐obese males with OSAHS, disruption of the intestinal barrier, and concurrent increased serum d‐lactate levels possibly contribute to intestinal hyperpermeability and are significantly positively associated with pro‐inflammatory IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α cytokines in serum (Heizati et al., 2017) in which TNF‐α elevation in Prevotella enterotype subjects is similar with our results, but it did not reach statistically significant differences. Here, TNF is linked to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.