Early T2D sequencing studies [46, 47, 54, 55] (each in a few thousand individuals) similarly were successful at identifying some, but not many, novel rare or low-frequency coding variant T2D associations (e.g., in PAM [47], PDX1 [47], HNF1A [46], and ADCY3 [56]). The gene discussed is PDX1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.