VEGFA and cancer: In addition, verticine showed distinct inhibiting effect on breast cancer 4T1 cells (IC50=14.7 μmol/L at 48 h); the mechanism might be related to downregulation of TGF-β, VEGF, and MCP-1 secretion and decrease of TGF-β and VEGF mRNA expression in 4T1 cells, thereby regulating its tumor inflammatory microenvironment to show the effect of anti-cancer [7].