On the other hand, Afro-Caribbean and Sub-Saharan African populations have the highest prostate cancer mortality rates, strongly correlated with limited access to medical care, i.e. prostate-specific antigen (PSA)/ultrasound screening and the possibility of early detection of the disease, or to adequate therapy (Rebbeck, 2017[108]; Pernar et al., 2018[105]). Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate carcinoma.