PLAU and prostate carcinoma: Isoflavones downregulate the levels of PSA and uPA, TGF-β-activating molecules, in metastatic prostate cancer cells (Davis et al., 2000[34]; Josson et al., 2010[66]; Zheng et al., 2012[145]), which most likely excludes TGF-β from the pool of factors that actively mediate osteolytic metastases when isoflavones are applied.