EGF and non-small cell lung carcinoma: As described above and indicated in the literature, IFNγ, a potent anti-tumour cytokine, induced PD-L1 in A549 that points out to a double role of this cytokine in tumour because anti-PD-L1 trial has demonstrated to be successful in some cases of NSCLC.7,28 However, ADC is also signed by genetic imprints that must be considered, such as the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which binds to EGF, a potent growth factor for the ADC.29–31 Therefore, we next asked whether IL-35 would regulate these pathways under growth factor deprivation.