We thus next analysed the localisation of macrophages in the lung of patients with NSCLC, as these cells are the main producers of the IL-12 family members IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27 and therefore possibly of IL-35.21,25 By using IHC for CD68 staining in our cohort of patients with NSCLC, we found a significant increase of these cells in the CTR region of the lung as compared to their TU region (Fig. 4a, b). This evidence concerns the gene IL27 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.