The APOBEC-specific mutational signature of HPV-OPSCC has also been identified in HPV-driven cervical cancers [35] and several of the frequently mutated genes appear to be consistently identified at both body sites including PIK3CA, EP300, PTEN, FBXW7 and TGFBR2. However, several other genes found to be commonly mutated in HPV-OPSCC, including ZNF750, FGFR3, CASZ1, CYLD and RIPK4 have not been identified in cervical cancer [34], indicating that the biological behaviour of HPV and natural history of HPV-driven carcinogenesis is different at distinct anatomical sites. This evidence concerns the gene RIPK4 and cervical cancer.