Afatinib was previously assessed in two pivotal phase 3 trials: LUX-Lung 3 (conducted globally) and LUX-Lung 6 (conducted in China, Thailand and South Korea), which showed that afatinib significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) versus chemotherapy in patients with treatment-naïve EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC [3, 4]. Here, EGFR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.